Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
9454 => 9 4 5 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
9 to 4 = 5
4 to 5 = 1
5 to 4 = 1
4 to 9 = 5
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
5 1 1 5 = 5115